Spatial distribution of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in soil in a rural area: Influence of cats and land use.

Cécile Gotteland * Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont Dominique Aubert Marie-Lazarine Poulle Emilie Dupuis Marie-Laure Dardé 1, 2, 3 Marie-Amélie Forin-Wiart Muriel Rabilloud 4 Benjamin Riche Isabelle Villena
* Auteur correspondant
1 NET - Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale
2 UNILIM - Université de Limoges
3 CNR Toxoplasmose-Toxoplasma BRC - Centre National de Référence (CNR) Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Resource Center (BRC)
4 Département de Biostatistiques
Abstract : Toxoplasma gondii is the protozoan parasite responsible for toxoplasmosis, one of the most prevalent zoonoses worldwide. T. gondii infects humans through the ingestion of meat containing bradyzoites or through soil, food or water contaminated with oocysts. Soil contamination with oocysts is increasingly recognized as a major source of infection for humans, but has rarely been quantified directly. In this study, we investigated the spatial pattern of soil contamination with T. gondii over an area of 2.25 km(2) in a rural area of eastern France. The frequency and spatial distribution of T. gondii in soil was analyzed in relation with the factors that could influence the pattern of contamination: cats' frequency and spatial distribution and land use. According to a stratified random sampling Scheme 243 soil samples were collected. The detection of T. gondii oocysts was performed using a recent sensitive method based on concentration and quantitative PCR. Sensitivity was improved by analyzing four replicates at each sampling point. T. gondii was detected in 29.2% of samples. Soil contamination decreased with increasing distance from the core areas of cat home ranges (households and farms). However, it remained high at the periphery of the study site, beyond the boundaries of the largest cat home ranges, and was not related to land use. This pattern of contamination strongly supports the role of inhabited areas which concentrate cat populations as sources of risk for oocyst-induced infection for both humans and animals. Moreover, soil contamination was not restricted to areas of high cat density suggesting a large spatial scale of environmental contamination, which could result from T. gondii oocysts dissemination through rain washing or other mechanisms.
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https://hal-unilim.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01205430
Contributeur : Elisabeth Grelier <>
Soumis le : vendredi 25 septembre 2015 - 14:47:22
Dernière modification le : vendredi 13 septembre 2019 - 01:20:26

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Cécile Gotteland, Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, Dominique Aubert, Marie-Lazarine Poulle, Emilie Dupuis, et al.. Spatial distribution of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in soil in a rural area: Influence of cats and land use.. Veterinary Parasitology, Elsevier, 2014, 205 (3-4), pp.629-37. ⟨hal-01205430⟩

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