Predictive factors for gastrostomy at time of diagnosis and impact on survival in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Marion Vergonjeanne (1) , Philippe Fayemendy (2, 1) , Benoît Marin (1, 3, 4) , Marie Penoty (1) , Géraldine Lautrette (5) , Huguette Sourisseau (2) , Pierre-Marie Preux (1, 3, 4) , Jean-Claude Desport (2, 1) , Philippe Couratier (6, 1, 5) , Pierre Jésus (1, 2)

1 NET - Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale
2 Service d'Hépato-gastro-entérologie et Nutrition [CHU Dupuytren 1, Limoges]
3 SIME - Service de l'Information Médicale et de l'Évaluation [CHU Limoges]
4 Laboratoire de Biostatistique et d'Informatique Médicale
5 Service de Neurologie [CHU Limoges]
6 SLA CHU Limoges - Centre référent Sclérose Latérale Amyotrophique et autres maladies du motoneurone [CHU Limoges]

.Background: Gastrostomy is recommended in patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) in the presence of weight loss over 10% as compared to usual weight, repeated aspirations or meal time duration longer than 45 min. Currently, the impact of gastrostomy on survival of ALS patients is not clear. Aims: i) to describe diagnosis factors associated with the indication for gastrostomy ii) to evaluate survival of ALS patients with gastrostomy indication according to their acceptance of feeding tube placement. Methods: Patients with ALS were included and followed in the ALS referral centre of Limoges's teaching hospital between 2006 and 2017. Neurological, nutritional and respiratory status was assessed prospectively from diagnosis to death. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney test, Chi2 tests, Cox model and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Two hundred and eighty-five patients were included. Among the 182 for whom gastrostomy was indicated, 63.7% accepted the placement. The median time was 7.3 months [IQR: 3.2-15.0] and 2.7 months [IQR: 0.9-5.8] respectively from diagnosis to indication and from indication to placement. Weight loss >5% significantly increased the risk of death by 17% (p < 0.0001). At time of diagnosis, bulbar onset, a loss of one point in the body mass index or on the bulbar functional scale were all positively associated with indication for gastrostomy (aOR = 10.0 [95%CI: 1.96-25.0]; p = 0.002, aOR = 1.17 [95%CI: 1.02-1.36]; p = 0.025 and aOR = 1.19 [95%CI: 1.06-1.32]; p = 0.002, respectively). However, gastrostomy placement did not have any impact on survival (aHR = 1.25 [95%CI: 0.88-1.79]; p = 0.22). Conclusion: Both neurological and nutritional criteria were associated with an indication for gastrostomy at diagnosis. Gastrostomy placement had no impact on survival. The study of earlier gastrostomy placement might be of interest in further prospective studies.

Mots clés: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Diagnosis indicators; Gastrostomy recommendation; Survival; Weight loss

Domaines: Santé publique et épidémiologie

Marion Vergonjeanne, Philippe Fayemendy, Benoît Marin, Marie Penoty, Géraldine Lautrette, et al.. Predictive factors for gastrostomy at time of diagnosis and impact on survival in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Clinical Nutrition, 2020, 39 (10), pp.3112-3118. ⟨10.1016/j.clnu.2020.01.018⟩. ⟨hal-02489353⟩